Twistor String Theory

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String Theory
All Roads Lead to String Theory (Polchinski)
Prior to the First Superstring Revolution
Early History	S-Matrix Theory Regge Trajectory
Bosonic String Theory	Worldsheet String Bosonic String Theory String Perturbation Theory Tachyon Condensation
Supersymmetric Revolution	Supersymmetry RNS Formalism GS Formalism BPS
Superstring Revolutions
First Superstring Revolution	GSO Projection Type II String Theory Type IIB String Theory Type IIA String Theory Type I String Theory Type H String Theory Type HO String Theory Type HE String Theory
Second Superstring Revolution	T-Duality D-Brane S-Duality Horava-Witten String Theory M-Theory Holographic Principle N=4 Super-Yang-Mills Theory AdS CFT BFSS Matrix Theory Matrix String Theory (2,0) Theory Twistor String Theory F-Theory String Field Theory Pure Spinor Formalism
After the Revolutions
Phenomenology	String Theory Landscape Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model String Phenomenology

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Twistor String theory is an equivalence between $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and the peturbative Topological B model string theory in twistor space] It was initially proposed by Witten in 2003. This is considered a major breakthrough by many as till Witten's 2003 paper, Twistor theory was only applicable to Classical General Relativity.

Since the dimensionality of Twistor space is necessarily the same as 4-dimensional spacetime with metric signature $\left(-+++\right)$, i.e. 1 time and 3 space, this is also a way to do away with the extra dimensions of String Theory.